风扇是一种比较常用的热管理解决方案,用于处理系统中多余的热量,并为关键部件提供冷却空气。除了限制系统功率、增加散热器或利用管道或冷却板之外,往往还需要产生加压气流来进一步冷却机件。工程师在选用风扇的时候会根据使用环境来选择是否选用轴流风扇还是离心风扇。接下来就简单介绍每种类型风扇的基本工作原理及其常见的应用和用途。
Fans are a commonly used thermal management solution that handles excess heat in a system and provides cooling air for key components. In addition to limiting system power, increasing radiators, or using pipes or cooling plates, it is often necessary to generate pressurized air flow to further cool the components. When selecting fans, engineers will choose whether to choose an axial flow fan or a centrifugal fan based on the usage environment. Next, we will briefly introduce the basic working principles of each type of fan and its common applications and uses.
轴流式风扇基础和应用
Foundation and Application of Axial Flow Fan
有时被称为螺旋桨风扇,轴流风扇的特点是有倾斜的叶片安装在一个旋转轴(或轴)上,由电机驱动。轴流风扇的工作原理是将空气从一端抽进,并以与轴线平行的方向将其从另一端吹出。管装式轴流或翼轴式风扇是另外两个常见的术语,它们只是指旨在适应管道的轴流式风扇。
Sometimes referred to as a propeller fan, an axial flow fan is characterized by inclined blades mounted on a rotating shaft (or shaft), driven by an electric motor. The working principle of an axial flow fan is to draw air in from one end and blow it out from the other end in a direction parallel to the axis. Tubular axial or wing axial fans are two other common terms that refer only to axial fans designed to fit in ducts.
轴流风扇几乎有任何尺寸,从板级到房间大小,虽然功率与尺寸相关,但通常不需要太大的功率来操作。它们分交流和直流两种版本,交流风扇利用线路电流,通常额定电压超过 100 V,而直流风扇承载的电压则低得多,在 3 至 48 V 范围内,通常由电池或电源驱动。
Axial fans come in almost any size, from board level to room size, and although power is size dependent, they typically do not require too much power to operate. They are available in two versions, AC and DC. AC fans utilize line current and are typically rated above 100 V, while DC fans carry a much lower voltage, typically driven by batteries or power supplies, in the range of 3 to 48 V.
轴流风扇产生的气流是高容量的,但压力低。这种高容量、低压力的输出使之非常适用于冷却设备和大小空间,因为气流被均匀地分布在一个确定的区域。轴流风扇常用于冷却计算机或数据中心设备,在 HVAC、AC 冷凝器或热交换装置中使用,并用于工业系统的定点冷却。它们也可以作为排气扇使用。
The airflow generated by an axial flow fan is high capacity, but the pressure is low. This high capacity, low pressure output makes it very suitable for cooling equipment and large and small spaces because the airflow is evenly distributed in a defined area. Axial fans are commonly used to cool computers or data center equipment, in HVAC, AC condensers, or heat exchange devices, and for fixed-point cooling of industrial systems. They can also be used as exhaust fans.
离心式风扇基础和应用
Foundation and Application of Centrifugal Fan
离心式风扇也被称为径向风扇或离心风机,其特点是叶轮包含在电机驱动的轮毂中,将空气吸入壳内,然后从与进气口成 90 度角(垂直)的出口排出。
A centrifugal fan, also known as a radial fan or centrifugal fan, is characterized by an impeller contained in a motor driven hub that sucks air into the housing and then exits at a 90 degree angle (perpendicular) to the air inlet.
作为高压力、低容量的输出设备,离心式风扇基本上是在风扇外壳内对空气进行加压,从而产生稳定、高压的气流,但与轴流式风扇相比,其容量较有限。因为它们从一个出口排出空气,所以它们是针对特定区域的气流的理想选择,可冷却系统中产生较多热量的特定部分,如功率 FET、DSP 或 FPGA。与其对应的轴流产品类似,它们也有交流和直流版本之分,有一系列的尺寸、速度和封装选择,但通常消耗的功率更多。其封闭式设计确实为各种运动部件提供了一些额外的保护,使它们成为可靠、耐用和抗损伤的选择。
As an output device with high pressure and low capacity, centrifugal fans basically pressurize air within the fan housing to generate stable, high-pressure airflow, but their capacity is limited compared to axial flow fans. "Because they exhaust air from an outlet, they are ideal for airflow in specific areas, cooling specific parts of the system that generate more heat, such as power FETs, DSP, or FPGAs.". Similar to their corresponding axial flow products, they also have AC and DC versions, with a range of size, speed, and packaging options, but typically consume more power. Its closed design does provide some additional protection for various moving parts, making them a reliable, durable, and damage resistant option.
离心式和轴流式风扇都会产生可 闻和电磁噪声,但离心式设计往往比轴流式型号更响。由于这两种风扇设计都使用电机,EMI 效应会影响敏感应用中的系统性能。
Both centrifugal and axial flow fans generate audible and electromagnetic noise, but centrifugal designs tend to be more noisy than axial flow models. Because both fan designs use motors, EMI effects can affect system performance in sensitive applications.
离心风扇的高压、低容量输出最终使其成为管道或管道系统等集中区域的理想气流,或用于通风和排气。这意味着它们特别适合用于空调或干燥系统,而前面提到的额外耐用性可以允许它们在处理微粒、热空气和气体的恶劣环境中运行。在电子应用方面,离心式风扇由于其扁平的外形和较高的方向性(排出气流与进气口成 90 度),通常用于笔记本电脑。
The high pressure and low capacity output of centrifugal fans ultimately makes them ideal airflow for concentrated areas such as ductwork or ductwork, or for ventilation and exhaust. This means that they are particularly suitable for use in air conditioning or drying systems, while the additional durability mentioned earlier allows them to operate in harsh environments that handle particulates, hot air, and gases. In electronic applications, centrifugal fans are commonly used in notebook computers due to their flat shape and high directionality (the exhaust airflow is at a 90 degree angle to the air inlet).
使用轴流式风扇或离心式风扇可以有效地降低产生不必要热量的电子元器件的温度。通过多年的使用和不断的改进,这两种风扇都已在各自的领域独领风骚。CUI Devices 提供各种框架尺寸和额定风量的直流轴流风扇和离心风扇,可帮助工程师满足特定热管理要求。
Using axial or centrifugal fans can effectively reduce the temperature of electronic components that generate unnecessary heat. Through years of use and continuous improvement, both types of fans have taken the lead in their respective fields. CUI Devices offers DC axial flow fans and centrifugal fans of various frame sizes and rated airflow to help engineers meet specific thermal management requirements.